人畜共患型冠状病毒已经是几十年来第三次跨物种感染人类。最新暴发的病毒被暂时命名为2019-nCoV(新型冠状病毒),最早在中国武汉暴露于海鲜或生鲜市场的人群中检出。中国公共卫生、临床和科学界的迅速响应帮助我们认识这一临床疾病并初步了解感染的流行病学。最初的报道表明人际传播有限或不存在,但我们现在知道人际传播是存在的,但其程度尚不清楚。就像另外两种致病性人类呼吸道冠状病毒(严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒[SARS-CoV]和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒[MERS-CoV])引起的暴发一样,2019-nCoV引起的呼吸道疾病通常为重度1。截至2020年1月24日,报告的病例已超过800例,死亡率为3%(https://promedmail.org/)。
作者信息
Stanley Perlman, M.D., Ph.D.
From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
参考文献
1. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, January 24, 2020.
2. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727-733.
3. Zhou P, Yang X-L, Wang X-G, et al. Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in 2 humans and its potential bat origin. bioRxiv, January 23, 2020.
4. Hui DS, Azhar EI, Kim YJ, Memish ZA, Oh MD, Zumla A. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: risk factors and determinants of primary, household, and nosocomial transmission. Lancet Infect Dis 2018;18:e217-e227.
5. Peiris JS, Guan Y, Yuen KY. Severe acute respiratory syndrome. Nat Med 2004;10:Suppl:S88-S97.
6. Cheng PK, Wong DA, Tong LK, et al. Viral shedding patterns of coronavirus in patients with probable severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 2004;363:1699-1700.
7. Chinese SARS Molecular Epidemiology Consortium. Molecular evolution of the SARS coronavirus during the course of the SARS epidemic in China. Science 2004;303:1666-1669.
8. Forni D, Cagliani R, Clerici M, Sironi M. Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes. Trends Microbiol 2017;25:35-48.
9. Gu J, Gong E, Zhang B, et al. Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS. J Exp Med 2005;202:415-424.
10. Sabir JS, Lam TT, Ahmed MM, et al. Co-circulation of three camel coronavirus species and recombination of MERS-CoVs in Saudi Arabia. Science 2016;351:81-84.